That which is not measurable is not science (by William Thomson)
That which is not physics is stamp collecting
Physics is the only real science. The rest are just stamp collecting
The Cavendish Lab
Conclusion (summary)
‘Stamping collecting’ does matter in science
But a matter of the cost, the size, and the speed
Big data and paradigm shift in science
Hypothesis testing to hypothesis generating
Recursive and repetitive
Stamp collectors
The ‘great’ stamp collectors
Charles Darwin
5 yrs voyage from 1831
Gregor Mendel
29,000 garden peas between 1856 and 1863
Laws of inheritance
Fred Sanger
Insulin sequence in 1950s
Max Perutz and John Kendrew
3D structure of hemoglobin in 1959
Dorothy Hodgkin
Penicillin & vitamin B12
3D structure of insulin in 1960s
Tom Blundell
EGFR, HIV protease, crystallins
~200 3D structures of proteins
Insulin: Structure, Function and Evolution
- Blundell TL, Cutfield JF, Cutfield SM, Dodson GG, Dodson E, Mercola D, Vijayan M and Hodgkin DC (1971) Atomic positions in 2-Zinc insulin crystals
Nature 231, 506-511
Insulin-like Superfamily: Structures & Functions
ESST: Environment Specific Substitution Table
Local Structural Environments
Other stamps
Sydney Brenner (1927 – 2019) Nobel Prize 2002
Progress in science depends on new techniques, new discoveries, and new ideas, probably in that order
The growth of genomic data
Even bigger - multi omics
AI & ML
Where there’s data, there’s AI
But, data quality (QC) over quantity
Quality adjustment by AI?
Reproducible Science
Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning “knowledge”) refers to any systematic knowledge-base or prescriptive practice that is capable of resulting in a prediction or predictable type of outcome
Reasoning
Science & Reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Induction (귀납법):reasoning from a specific case or cases and deriving a general rule
Pattern recognition (recursive)
Fractal
A process of making general rules behind observations